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Minkhaung I
Minkhaung I of Ava ((ビルマ語:ပထမ မင်းခေါင်) (:pətʰəma̰ mɪ́ɴɡàʊɴ); 1373–1422) was king of Ava from 1400 to 1422. Minkhaung is best remembered in Burmese history for his epic struggles against King Razadarit of Hanthawaddy Pegu in the Forty Years' War (1385–1424), and for being the father of Crown Prince Minye Kyawswa, who did most of the fighting.
Minkhaung succeeded the throne after his half-brother King Tarabya was assassinated in 1400. In the early years of his reign 1400–1406, Minkhaung faced not only a serious internal rebellion but also external raids from Shan States in the north and from Arakan in the west, and a full-scale invasion by Razadarit of Pegu from the south. By 1406, Minkhaung had gained control of the situation, and was able to counter-attack. In 1406, he defeated the Shan State of Mohnyin. Between 1404 and 1418, Ava and Hanthawaddy forces fought fiercely in Lower Burma, Upper Burma and Arakan. Ava's war efforts against Pegu were checked by the Shan raids from the north until 1413, when Minye Kyawswa decisively defeated Theinni (Hsenwi), the most powerful Shan state, which had Chinese backing.〔Phayre 1883: 58–60〕 Minye Kyawswa came close to conquering all of Lower Burma in 1417 but the fiery crown prince of Ava was severely wounded in battle and died. Though both sides fought on until 1418, the enthusiasm for the war had dissipated.〔Htin Aung 1967: 90–93〕
==Early life==
Minkhaung was a son of King Swasawke by Saw Beza, a "village maiden" from a small village near Mohnyin during a military campaign there.〔〔Tun Aung Chain 2004: 67–72〕 He was born on 13 October 1373 and his birth name was Min Swe ( (:mɪ́ɴ sʰwè)).〔 He had a younger brother Theiddat and a younger sister Thupaba Dewi. As his mother was a commoner, ranked lowest in status among Swasawke's five queens,〔 Min Swe or Theiddat was not considered for the throne. Swasawke had designated Prince Tarabya as crown prince. Min Swe was given Pyinsi in fief in 1385.〔Fernquest Spring 2006: 1–10〕〔Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 416〕 In their youth, the two princes lived as wandering minstrels and nat dancers, one of the older attendants playing a drum, another the horn, and so on. They strayed down to Taungdwingyi, and then crossing over to Minbu District and lived at Ngape and Padein.〔Harvey 1925: 95–100〕
In 1386, a 13-year-old Lord of Pyinsi commanded an army battalion in his father's invasion of Hanthawaddy Kingdom.〔 In 1389, Min Swe was married to a Shan princess named Shin Mi-Nauk, daughter of Hsongamhpa, the saopha (chief) of Mohnyin (Mong Yang), during the time of rare friendly relations between Ava and Mohnyin. In 1391, Mi-Nauk gave birth to Minye Kyawswa.〔Harvey 1925: 85–95〕 She later gave birth to a daughter, Saw Pye Chantha and another son, Thihathu.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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